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Last updated
July 26, 2025

Mental health

Air pollution and mental health research reveals significant psychological impacts of environmental pollutants that extend far beyond physical health effects. Studies demonstrate connections between air pollution exposure and increased rates of depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions, particularly in urban populations. The evidence suggests that pollutants may directly affect brain chemistry whilst also contributing to mental health impacts through chronic stress and inflammation. Explore the growing research documenting how air quality affects psychological wellbeing and what this means for mental healthcare and urban planning.
  • Children who grow up in areas with a high level of air pollution are more likely to develop mental illnesses/disorders later in life. (Gregory, 2024)
  • An increase in nitrogen dioxide exposure is correlated with a higher number of people being admitted to hospitals for mental health and behavioral disorders. (Gregory, 2024)
  • 16-year study of more than 200,000 residents in Scotland found that higher cumulative nitrogen dioxide exposure was associated with increased hospital admissions for mental-health and behavioural disorders (Drew, 2025)
  • People without a prescription at the start of the study who relocated to an area with more particle air pollution had an 11% greater risk of developing a new mental health problem, compared with the other movers (Fuller, 2025)
  • A 2023 analysis of more than 389,000 participants in the UK Biobank showed that long-term exposure to airborne particulate matter, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide correlated with higher levels of depression and anxiety (Drew, 2025)

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